Organization Need People or People Need Organization Essay Example For Students

Association Need People or People Need Organization Essay Authoritative Behavior PEOPLE NEED ORGANIZATION OR ORGANIZATION NEED PEOPLE SUBMITTED BY MONIKA RAJPUT MBA 1. Presentation Definitely association consistently works for its clients. Benefits of any association are just relying upon the no. of clients it have. So you can say that association needs individuals (as clients) for its legitimate development and maintainability. On the opposite side inquiry emerges that how an association work? Basic answer! The individuals working for the association make it to work. This gathering of individuals is known as workforce. Is it not the cut out of the same cloth which is consistently centers for the benefit, development and individual necessities whether it is an association or the individuals. Without individuals, association can't accomplish their objectives, and the other way around without association individuals can't satisfy their necessities and wants . So both the association and individuals are commonly reliant on one another. Let’s talk individually. 2. WHY ORGANIZATION NEED PEOPLE There are two manners by which an association needs individuals for its reality 1. As Customers 2. As workforce 1. AS CUSTOMERS With the expanded globalization of business sectors, rivalry among showcase players has gotten increasingly serious. In this serious market, one of the most significant elements is the accomplishment of consumer loyalty and greatness in administration. Despite the fact that the idea of consumer loyalty in client arranged administration isn't new, the connection among clients and companies has been changing practically every day. Clients are turning into the supreme substance for partnerships as an official choice creators for business arrangements and acquisition of items. All associations exist to serve a client. Clients are genuine individuals, not account numbers or endeavor names. Along these lines, client purchasing choices are regularly made for enthusiastic reasons. It is accordingly generally imperative to get clients, their degree of fulfillment, and their assessments of an endeavor, just as their assessments of its rivals, if the venture is to develop and improve its piece of the overall industry. SWOT examination can likewise assume a job in getting clients. Dwindle Drucker, the profoundly respected administration researcher and author, expressed, â€Å"The just legitimate meaning of business intention is to make a client. † Successful associations of things to come will be those that can give merchandise and enterprises to the clients who need it, where they need it, and in the amount and at the value they need it, along these lines charming as opposed to only fulfilling clients. Client enjoyment will prompt devotion, which is one of the basic pointers used to quantify the accomplishment of a showcasing procedure. Administrations can't, be that as it may, be performed without some type of connection between the maker and the buyer and can't be put away and held for later use in the manner run of the mill of numerous unmistakable products. Business partnerships put forth attempts to make and give their clients higher worth included, which comprises of components, for example, lower costs, extra advantages, and uniqueness in administrations. With fast advances in data and interchanges innovation, partnerships can exploit the developing IT frameworks to make foundation inside the association to improve responsiveness to client needs and to follow those requirements, consequently improving consumer loyalty altogether. Top administration ought to know about how to tap its intensity to upgrade client administrations, bringing about better help quality and smoothing out of procedures. Here is a model where you can find that why clients are significant for the presence of an organization or association Model 1: Auto insurance agencies require data about individuals who live with you Are vehicle back up plans permitted to require data about the individuals who live with you for your collision protection strategy? The general thought of a collision protection organization requesting such data from you may appear to be hostile. All things considered, what business is it of theirs, who lives in your houseâ€particularly on the off chance that you are the main individual driving the safeguarded vehicle? Insurance agencies must consider an assortment of components before deciding the last cost of your accident coverage strategy. Recollect that the protection supplier isn't just safeguarding the cost of the vehicle, yet in addition guaranteeing the government assistance and prosperity of every traveler engaged with an impact The insurance agency will demand that any individual who lives in a similar house, and who much of the time or sporadically works a similar vehicle as a protected driver, must be represented on the approach and should accept responsibility as a subsequent driver. Thusly, in the event that a kid is the fate of lawful age, at that point the insurance agency will as a rule demand that the person in question is authoritatively added to the strategy, except if they have their own different arrangement. Does the insurance agency reserve the option to get some information about different drivers in your home? Unquestionably. The insurance agency is attempting to choose if they need to put resources into your driving security. Likewise remember that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) requires insurance agencies to request this data, as this demonstrates the organization to be an authentic and authorized protection supplier. Since the insurance agency is required to pose this inquiry, they should be offered a response relating to all individuals from the close family, and their driving history. This data will assist the organization with assigning an appropriate accident coverage rating, and will eventually choose the measure of hazard included. Continuously answer this inquiry honestly. Despite the fact that no one appreciates intrusive addressing, with regards to protection arrangements, these inquiries must be replied. All things considered, you as an essential driver need to unveil any potential situations to the insurance agency well ahead of time of an agreement being agreed upon. At whatever point an unexpected situation happens (something not recorded on the arrangement) at that point it is typically not secured. Not honestly addressing questions is equivalent to distortion. This will bring about a refusal everything being equal and a dropping of the strategy. So you may effectively presume that why association need individuals as clients. Let’s take one more model The showcasing idea and reasoning is perhaps the least difficult thought in advertising, and simultaneously, it is additionally one of the most significant promoting ways of thinking. At its very center are the client and their fulfillment. The showcasing idea and reasoning states that the association ought to endeavor to fulfill its clients needs and needs while meeting the associations objectives. In straightforward terms, the client is top dog. The ramifications of the promoting idea is significant for the board. It isn't something that the advertising division controls, nor is it the sole space of the promoting office. Or maybe, it is received by the whole association. From top administration to the most reduced levels and over all branches of the association, it is a way of thinking or method of working together. The clients needs, needs, and fulfillment ought to consistently be premier in each administrator and representatives mind. Wal-Marts maxim of fulfillment ensured is a case of the advertising idea. Regardless of whether the Wal-Mart worker is a bookkeeper or a clerk, the client is in every case first. Model 2: Selling theory of passage engine organization The Ford Motor Company is additionally a genuine case of the selling reasoning and why this way of thinking doesn't work in numerous occasions. Passage delivered and sold the Model T for a long time. During its creation, the car advertise pulled in more rivalry. Not exclusively did the opposition start to offer vehicles in different hues, the styling of the opposition was seen as current and the Model T got considered as antiquated. Henry Fords children knew about the adjustments in the car market and attempted to persuade their dad to adjust. In any case, Henry Ford was certain that his normalized low-value car was what the open required. Therefore, Ford went to showcasing methods to sell the Model T. It kept on selling, yet its piece of the pie started to drop. In the end, even Henry Ford needed to perceive buyer wants and present another model. The selling reasoning accept that a very much prepared and inspired deals power can sell any item. In any case, more organizations started to understand that it is simpler to sell an item that the client needs, than to sell an item the client doesn't need. At the point when numerous organizations started to understand this reality, the selling period offered route to the promoting time of the advertising idea and theory. 2. AS WORKFORCE An association is an arranged coordination of various individuals and their exercises for the accomplishment of some particular objectives through division of work and progressive system of power. The association is separated into unmistakable offices like promoting, creation, account, and work force and all the office need individuals who are ace in their fields and can accomplish association objectives and destinations. Representatives or laborers are the most basic variables of business. It is seen that the principle goal of practically all the association is benefit augmentation. So as to achieve greatest benefit and riches, association needs individuals with inventive and imaginative thoughts. Initiative Essay SummaryFor everyday endurance they need food, cover and so forth. For this they need associations which give them these. So individuals need these associations as clients for their requirements. In a word, what might occur if individuals lived independently? Associations are essential to our general public, since associations give us wellbeing, improve our comprehension, diminish pressure and most significant fulfill our day by day needs. EXAMPLE5: Shopping Malls for Purchasing Example which bolsters the reality individuals need association is the opening of any shopping center. Presently a day shopping centers are generally normal, we can see shopping centers even in little urban areas. So

Critically evaluate the tests for certainty of objects in the law of Essay

Fundamentally assess the tests for assurance of items in the law of trusts and survey whether advancements in the last 50 years have had a positive or negative effect on the law - Essay Example The evaluation of conviction of articles is intricate in light of the fact that the test changes between simple forces, fixed trusts and optional trusts. The explanation behind recognizing the objects of trust is to guarantee that there is an individual who can implement trust against the trustee. Also, there must be somebody who can get an activity court on the off chance that the obligations of the trustee are not accomplished. The trust should likewise have the capacity of being executed in that when there is no human people to profit by the trust then the idea of trust becomes pointless2. Along these lines, when a recipient is expressly named in the trust deed there is no disarray with regards to the assurance of articles. In situations where an individual isn't unequivocally named in the trust deed, however the trust archive gives a portrayal of a person that should benefit from the trust property. Moreover, in the event that the depiction is clear and exact that it is a specific individual then this essential is fulfilled. In a conviction of items where the trust is made for a lot of individuals for instance, ‘my children’ this provision will succeed where it has been built up that there is satisfactory assurance to recognize every individual from the gathering/class of people3. At the point when a gathering of individuals are not obviously portrayed, characterized, or expressed in obscure terms their significance can be deciphered utilizing the theoretical vulnerability. Two tests that have been made to build up whether all people inside the gathering can be unmistakably perceived. They incorporate the class ascertainability test, which becomes possibly the most important factor where trustees make a total rundown of every person that comes extremely close to individuals to profit by trust. In spite of the fact that the courts don't have to realize the whole class so as to choose whether the trustees are choosing inside the gathering, in the event that the trustees don't do so then it must be said that the trustees are not practicing their obligations on the off chance that they have

Best Cheap Things to Do This Summer

Best Cheap Things to Do This Summer Best Cheap Things to Do This Summer By Annie Walton-Doyle The start of summer can be super exciting, especially as it means the stressful exam season is finally over. Summer often comes with one caveat, though â€" a very real lack of funds. It can seem like doing anything fun is depressingly out of reach, but that needn’t be the case.  Here are a bunch of cheap ways to have fun this summer without dipping into your bank account. Go to the park Luckily, city parks are often totally free for public use. Having a picnic is a great way to eat out for cheap, or you can take some games and make a sporty day of it. If you’d rather chill alone, take a book and a picnic blanket and catch some sun â€" it’s almost like being on holiday. Check out a museum Research free museums in your area. After a whole year of studying, you’ll find that some learning for pleasure can feel like a real luxury. Some exhibitions may cost a small amount of money, but fortunately a student discount can go a long way to making it more affordable. Look for vouchers There are a ton of voucher sites which can help you enjoy events you otherwise would never experience for a cut-price fee. From wine-tasting and food festivals to luxury beauty treatments, sites like Groupon and Wowcher have plenty of ways for you to save and try something new. Save money at the cinema with Meerkat Movies Meerkat Movies offers two-for-one cinema tickets for a year for anyone who purchases insurance through the site. At Vue cinemas, this can mean seeing a film for £2.50. What if you don’t need insurance? Well, you can use the site to buy a really cheap insurance policy for just one day and still qualify for a year’s worth of cheap movies. Any money you spend on the insurance will be made back almost instantly. Search Freecycle for fun new things for your house On Freecycle, people give away things they don’t need anymore â€" usually household items. If you comb through the site, you could end up finding things like barbeques, outdoor furniture or even trampolines, which can make staying home a lot more fun. Host a dinner party Speaking of staying home, a dinner party is a great, cost-effective alternative to a night out. Ask friends to bring a dish or a bottle so the cost is spread a bit more evenly, organize some parlor games and pretend to be an adult for the evening. Annie Walton-Doyle writes for Inspiring Interns, which specializes in sourcing candidates for  internships. To browse our  graduate jobs London listings, visit our website.

Autism Spectrum Disorder During Adolescence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1036 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/14 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Autism Essay Did you like this example? Adolescence is a challenging part of growing up . From entering high school , to hitting puberty, every teen goes through their own struggles during adolescence. Teens with Autism , have to encounter the same situations as other teens, from handling a ton of homework, to figuring out which friends to hang out with. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) , is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs the ability to socialize, and interact with others. Autism is a lifelong condition, that is most often detected in early childhood. ASD affects the nervous system , and while there is no exact answer as to what causes ASD , scientists believe it is due to a faulty gene passed onto the child , in early fetal development. There are other theories on what causes ASD , such as viruses the mother encountered, and chemical imbalances. When a person is diagnosed with Autism, they are placed on a spectrum , the â€Å"A Spectrum† , determines whether the person is High functioning, meaning their cognitive skills are not challenged, as much as a person a person who is considered low functioning . Low functioning Autism , is the most severe end of the spectrum. A person with low Functioning Autism has severe impairments to their cognitive skills. The main difference that separates where a person lands on th e spectrum , is based off their cognitive skills , and their IQ level. Everyones body changes during Puberty , and while most neurotypical teens are excited to experience this stage in their life , teens with Autism are most often alarmed , and upset, by the sudden changes to their lives . Puberty brings on many obstacles in a teenagers life, from having your body go through changes , not only physically , but also emotionally. Change is often a problem for autistic teenagers , because they are accustomed to a set schedule , and routine . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Autism Spectrum Disorder During Adolescence" essay for you Create order Having a set routine, helps Autistic individuals create a stable order in their lives. While a neurotypical teenagers can deal with the morning rush of getting ready and heading off to school in a rush, an Autistic teenager will become overwhelmed by the interruption in their set order . When an Autistic individual relies on a set routine, it helps motivate them to follow through with tasks , which helps them deal with tasks such as doing their chores, or focusing on their homework. When that routine is interrupted , it upsets, overwhelms , and agitates people with autism, which makes it harder for them to get through their day with a positive mindset. Small things like having to pick up dinner last minute , because mom did not have time to finish the dinner she planned for the family that specific night, is just one thing that can upset a person with Autism. Having to know what is for dinner during the week, or what socks to wear with a specific outfit , even having to wear blue s neakers on Tuesday , are all examples of mannerisms that people with Autism do to help manage anxiety, and ADHD, because it helps decrease their impulsivity, and aggression . When a neurotypical individual has their schedule messed up , it also upsets, and agitates them, but they are faster to comprehend that they can still go throughout the day , even though it did not go exactly as planned , while an autistic person will most often become thrown off for the rest of their day. Making friends , and meeting people that you are attracted to are all parts of being a teenager, and trying to fit in , is one of the biggest struggles every single person encounters in high school. While trying to find friends that are genuine , and accept you can be hard , but it is even harder when someone has trouble understanding social cues . Studies show that students with autism are more likely to be excluded by their peers , because students do not typically reach out to introverted people, and they are less likely to talk to people outside of their friend group. Autistic teens have trouble finding friends, because they have a harder time picking up on social cues, and they typically refrain from reaching out to their peers, because they do not know how to communicate with them. Neurotypical individuals generally have an easier time making friends, and fitting in, because they have an easier time understanding social cues such as â€Å"kidding around†(Joking), or sarcasm. Going to the movies, football games, parties, and hanging out late at night at a fast food restaurant , are all things teenagers enjoy doing with the little bit of freedom their parents give them . Some Teenagers also look forward to sneaking around behind their parents backs to go to a party that their crush is throwing. These are all things that Autistic teenagers do not typically get to encounter, because they do not handle large crowds well (Due to loud noises and large groups of people, it becomes scary and overwhelming), they like to stay in a comfortable â€Å"zone† that includes following their routines, which include mom and dads house rules.Because Autistic individuals have a tough time comprehending cognitive skills, they may not understand why some teenagers laugh ,and smile when they are in class raving about the party they got drunk at saturday night , or going out passed curfew on friday night to drink your first beer with your friends. People with Autism, want to be treated just like everyone else, and they want to genuinely feel included by their peers. Just because a person is Autistic , does not mean that they cannot hang out with their friends, join the schools sports team, or go on a date with the person that they like. It is important to remember that everyone on the spectrum is different , so telling an autistic person something like, â€Å" my friends brother has Autism† , is not a very good conversation starter , because every person on the spectrum is vastly different from the next. Works Cited Sarris, M. (2013, July 23). Autism in the Teen Years: What to Expect, How to Help. Retrieved from https://iancommunity.org/cs/simons_simplex_community/autism_in_teens Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). (2018, May 03). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html Hurst, M. (n.d.). Teenagers With Autism: Symptoms, Treatment, Help. Retrieved November 1, 2018, from https://www.crchealth.com/troubled-teenagers/autism-in-teenagers/

Middle Childhood Is Very Important Time In A Child’S...

Middle childhood is very important time in a child’s life. This is the time when a child starts to look up to their peers and starts to accept the actions of their peers and starts to understand what true friendship is. Middle childhood is a difficult time in a child’s life, the child grows from a young teen into an adolescent, and the change emotionally is sometimes overwhelming. Children of this age start to worry about what people think about them and what they can do to please everyone, even if it’s not the right thing. With all that is going on for the child in these times it sometimes leads to drug use, rebellious acts, depression, and peer pressure. Children at these ages feel the need to please everyone around them and will do†¦show more content†¦Sentiment and dating enter the photo interestingly and sexual movement turns into an alternative. The impact of partners/relationships and different friends are still exceptionally solid, yet the s takes are higher. In this time mischief can be higher depending on the company that is held. Self-esteem and confidence are normal topics all through the whole life improvement cycle. In center youth, correlations are made to check whether capacities are up to saw measures. This runs in accordance with Erikson s formative phase of industry versus mediocrity. How great a young person trusts coincides with how great they are at given errands. As pre-adulthood approaches, the concentration shifts from what they do to their identity. The part one plays in the public eye turns out to be more imperative whether it be in standard culture or some counterculture. A man s way of life, and age can impact egocentrism, adolescents trust that their appearance and conduct is under the watch of others. The other idea is the individual tale, which supplements the nonexistent crowd. The nonexistent group of onlookers moves toward becoming overcome with how youngsters look and act and how exceptional and uncommon they are. The youthful trusts that they are by one means or another interminable and unique. The individual tale has the immature trusting that nobody else comprehends or trusts that nobody else has ever been in this situation. The individual tale

Essay about Understanding Depression - 1037 Words

The term depression is widely misused in today’s society. All human beings experience periods in life where they are sad for a relatively short period of time, which is considered normal. Those who experience sadness for extended periods may be suffering from depression. Two terms used to reference the classifications of depression, are Major Depressive Disorder, and Dysthymia. Individual diagnosis of these classifications is dependent on the length of time, and severity of symptoms experienced by the individual. The causes for these depressive states can be due to genetics or the insufficient production of neurotransmitters, which provide the brain with the data necessary to regulate ones psychological well being. Two examples†¦show more content†¦The purpose of following story is to introduce the symptoms of depression and an appropriate method to provide positive intervention to help one who may be suffering from a depressive state. The ability to recognize t he symptoms of depression, and how to address the situation can mean the difference between life and death. Marybeth and Kenny had been friends for as long as they could remember. They were like peas and carrots always together. If you saw Kenny, you saw Marybeth and vice versa. As they grow into young teenagers, this friendship continued. Approaching their senior year in High school, they began to discuss what colleges they would like to attend. Being from the rural city of Bumpus Mills in the Blue Grass state of Kentucky, they both had visions of seeing the world and wanted to attend the University of Kentucky (UK), Located in Boiling Green. Their imaginations ran wild with what life would be like in the big city. As the year, progressed Kenny and Marybeth excelled in their studies, and submitted their applications for acceptance to UK. After several weeks Marybeth received her letter of acceptance. Immediately, she ran next door to Kenny’s house and asked if he had received his letter. Kenny with a sad face expressed that he had received his letter, but the University denied his application. Marybeth consoled Kenny, as he was her, best friend andShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding And Treating Depression1662 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 17, 2015 Understanding and Treating Depression Americans are obsessed with happiness, yet increasingly depressed. A dominant theme in our society is that you should be happy, and if you are not, there is something wrong with you. Life can be difficult at times and people do not seem to realize that everyone has different circumstances. There are about 15 million Americans that battle the disease of depression. Our society is in the throes of a virtual epidemic of depression (Psychology today)Read MoreUnderstanding Clinical Depression770 Words   |  4 Pagesour life’s, however depression is different from this occasional feelings. Depression affects everything in your life and performing easy task and daily activities become hard, you have trouble seeking the positive things and you stuck yourself in the negative side. One question we might all ask will be how do we know if we are depressed or simply just sad? In order to answer that question we first need to understand the definition of depression, in medical news today depression is defined as.† ARead More Understanding the Great Depression Essay2842 Words   |  12 PagesIt was in 1929 that industrial production declined, business slumped and depression began in the United States. Rising unemployment, falling incomes, increasingly underutilized capacity, the drop in primary-product prices and the collapse of international trade combined to depress the international economy. Property owners felt depressed because their assets were shrinking, manufacturers had to deal with declining sales, building operators experienced a crippling lack of demand, railroad managersRead MoreEssay on Understanding Clinical Depression3085 Words   |  13 Pagesare depressed, but the clinical depressions that are seen by doctors differ from the low mood brought on by everyday setbacks. Psychiatrists see a range of more severe mood disturbances and so find it easier to distinguish these from the normal variations of mood seen in the community. General practitioners (GPs) need to be sensitive enough to distinguish emotional reactions to setbacks in life from anxiety syndromes, somatisation and clinical depressions. The general idea is that anxietyRead MoreTreating And Understanding Adolescent Depression1773 Words   |  8 PagesMckayli Abbe Abnormal Child Psychology 10/23/2015 Treating and Understanding Adolescent Depression Introduction Before there was a name for depression, there was melancholia. Melancholia is an outdated term that was defined as â€Å"a mental condition marked by persistent depression and ill-founded fears†. Depression has always been prevalent but as a society we haven’t always had, and still don’t have, a complete understanding of it. The symptoms have seemed to remain constant over time: perpetualRead MoreUnderstanding Communicative Strategies Of Depression Essay2234 Words   |  9 Pages Exploring Depression Discussions: Understanding Communicative Strategies of Disclosure of Depression from College Student to Student Alexandria Costello University of Wisconsin-La Crosse â€Æ' Exploring Depression Discussions: Understanding Communicative Strategies of Disclosure of Depression from College Student to Student College is a risky time for students’ mental health, especially depression, yet not all students are openly communicating about their struggles at the same rate. The roleRead MoreUnderstanding Depression And Anxiety, Addiction, And Dementia1099 Words   |  5 Pagesand equally important (Toates, 2010, p13). This essay will evaluate this model ability to understand depression and anxiety, addiction, and dementia, and will show that in some cases of mental problems, the biopsychosocial perspective is not the appropriate tool for explaining these problems. Firstly, this approach is crucial for understanding depression and anxiety, and the case of Neha’s depression is an example. Socially, she suffered a divorce and her parents’ death (Toates, 2010, p18). PsychologicallyRead More Understanding Depression Essay examples2089 Words   |  9 Pagesmelancholy people that are all looking for happiness and disappointed with what we find? Leaving us in a state of depression and unstableness. Turning us into not only a society of dismal people, but people that are left spiritless and melancholic? In today’s society depression is referred to as the â€Å"common cold of the mental health problems.† More than 5 percent of Americans have depression, that equates to an astonishing 15 million people. It is said that 1 out of every 6 people has had a â€Å"major†Read MoreEssay on Understanding Depression: Family Systems Theory3654 Words   |  15 PagesDepression is classified as a mood disorder by the DSM-IV (1994) and is defined as a mental illness characterized by sadness, general apathy, a loss of self-esteem, feelings of guilt, and, at times, suicidal tendencies (Lexicon, n.d). Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses that individuals receive treatment for today. In any six-month period, 9.4 million Americans, and 340 million people in the world, suffer from this disease. One in four women and one in 10 men will develop depressionRead MoreUnit 81196 Words   |  5 Pagesdeal with accidents, injuries and emergency situations, dealing wit h blood and other body fluids, reporting procedures, understanding moving and handling procedures and understanding how to use mechanical or electrical equipment. 1.3 analyse the main health and safety responsibilities of: Self: we have to take care of our own health and safety at all times. Understanding relevant legislation and agreed ways of working. Make sure we have relevant training and make sure you wear correct PPE

Medical and Family Law

Questions: Part A: Medical Law (a) Ever since she won 2m. On the National Lottery last month, the three-months pregnant Miss Wirewaist, aged 30, has been smoking like a chimney and drinking vodka like a fish. She has also been ignoring all medical advice given her. She wants to know whether, in order to protect the life of the foetus (her unborn child), she can lawfully be compelled to stop smoking and drinking alcohol. Advise her. (b) Miss Wirewaist has also expressly stated that she does not want her hospital, where she attends for treatment for her knee, to use her medical records for the purposes of research and annual audit, unless she is paid a generous fee. Advise her and the hospital authorities. (c) Mrs. Stricta has just found out that her family doctor, Dr. Conscience, has put her 15-year-old daughter, May, on contraceptive pills without her (Mrs. Stricta)s consent. Mrs. Stricta is furious and wants to take legal action against Dr. Conscience. Advise Mrs Stricta. Part B: Family Law It is impossible to provide a single definition of marriage. Indeed, one approach is to say that one cannot define marriage because marriage is whatever the parties to a marriage take it to mean. Discuss the ways in which the law seeks to provide a viable definition of marriage within family law. Answer: Part A: Medical Law: (a) The given case states that Miss Wirewaist, is a pregnant women who is continuously involved in smoking and drinking. This activity is extremely harmful for her health and primarily for the health of her fetus. According to the Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) Act 1976 if a child is born disabled a third party defendant can be sued for damages for those disabilities when they are caused by the defendants tortious act. The act provides that if disabilities of child are a result of the wrongful act of parent, then the mother is also responsible. However, in the case of S v St. Georges Hospital, the Court of Appeal stated that until a fetus is born it has no rights that prevail against the mothers rights. This landmark Women's charities warn court case was brought by the local government authorities in UK where a six-year old girl was affected by fetal alcohol syndrome due to her mothers excessive drinking. One of the vital issues in the case was that the fetus has a different legal and biological entity and hence can be considered as a victim of crime. The council held that the mother had committed a crime under the Offences Against the Persons Act 1861 for drinking during her pregnancy. In this case the court of Appeal held that any young child is not entitled to any criminal injuries compensation due to the drinking habits of the mother while she was pregnant. The Court further stated that any pregnant mother who is drinking heavily despite knowing of the possible harm to her child will not be held guilty of any criminal offence under the laws of the country even if the child is subsequently born damaged. Hence the advice that should be given to Miss Wirewaist is that presently after the decision of the court of appeals there is no law that forces pregnant women to quit smoking or drinking. (b) Miss Wirewaist attends treatment for her knee in a hospital and she expects that the hospital would not use her medical records for the purpose of research or audit unless a generous fee has been given to her. According to the Good Clinical Practice standards presently GCP has become a legal obligation in UK. The laws state that informed consent is required from all the participants before any research is done and adequate information about the benefits and risks should be given to the patients. According to Medicines for Human Use (Clinical Trials) Regulations 2004 a favorable opinion needs to be obtained from the ethics committee and licensing authority. Hence accordingly, hospital does not have any right to use the medical records of Miss. Wirewaist without the Miss Wirewaists permission and in accordance to her terms. (c) With regard to the consent of the parent for giving contraceptives to the child a rule developed as to whether a child of 16 years or younger has the capacity to consent to her medical treatment without parental knowledge. In the case of Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority [1985], a health departmental circular advised the doctors on the contraception of minors. The released circular stated that the contraception prescription was at the discretion of the doctor such could be prescribed without parental consent. The House of Lords ruled in the case that the issue consent was more vital than the rights of the parents. Other than safeguarding the interests of the minor the parents rights did not exist and it was held that a minor has the right to consent and parents cannot veto such consent. Hence accordingly, in the given case, Mrs. Stricta cannot take legal actions against Dr. Conscience according to the prevailing medical laws in the United Kingdom. Part B: Family Law Some of the basic elements of a family are marriage or the relationship between two adults, the presence of children, resource sharing, continuity over time and the connections with other kin. Throughout the years the definition of marriage and how marriage observed by different generations has gone through a number of changes. With the changes in the conception of marriage the laws relating to marriage has also undergone changes. The United Kingdom has marriage laws that recognize all forms of marriage including civil and religious unions. The marriage laws are applicable to the opposite sex as well as the same sex couples. According to the rules of marriage in United Kingdom, the minimum age to enter into a valid marriage is sixteen years. However, till the age of eighteen the consent of the parents is necessary. In the case of religious marriages in most cases it is conducted by religious celebrants who are authorized to do so and civil marriages are conducted generally by the state registrar. In England and Wales the marriage laws are quite separate from other jurisdiction. Till the 18th century marriages were allowed to take place in any place as long as they were conducted by the appropriate clergyman from the Church of England. As a result of this a number of secret marriages used to take place during these times and those were often bigamous. The Civil Partnership Act was passed in 2004 and that gave the couples from the same sex the legal rights and responsibilities similar to that of the married heterosexual couples. The Act further states the formal procedures that is necessary for the dissolution of the partnerships similar to the rules of divorce. Later in the year 2013, the parliament passed the Same Sex Marriage Act that legalized the same sex marriage in England and Wales. In order to incorporate all the different forms of marriage and regulations in these categories the United Kingdom has elaborate laws that intend to cover all the important aspects in relation to marriage. One of the early laws relating to marriage was the Marriage Act 1949 that governed all the formalities essential for entering a legally enforceable marriage. The Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 states that a marriage can be brought to an end in accordance with section 11 where grounds are provided for the marriage to be void and in accordance to section 12 which states the grounds for the marriage to be voidable. The Family Law Act 1996 provides for the modernized divorce laws and nullity as a remedy was abolished in the country. The regulations on marriage also include the Forced Marriage Protection Act 2007 which attempts to legitimize the children born who are born out of voidable marriages. This includes those children who were born out of void marriages where at least one parent believed the marriage to be valid during the time of conception. The divorce laws are also provided which gives a number of grounds on which divorce can be sought. Divorce can be sort as a result of no consummation resulting from incapacity, result of non-consummation resulting from refusal. This clause is subject to the fact that marriage must have happened and ordinary completion of intercourse. Divorce can also be given resulting from lack of consent due to mistake, duress, unsoundness of the mind, or due to identity or the parties or the nature of ceremonies. Divorce can also be sought under section 12 (d) for mental disorder, under section 12 (e) for venereal disease and under section 12 (f) for pregnancy per alium. Hence it can observed from the laws relating to marriage and divorce that the family laws in United Kingdom intend to construe a feasible definition of marriage through these rules and regulations that meet the demands of the present and future generations. Bibliography: ABC News, 'UK Case Could Lead To Pregnant Women Being Charged For Drinking' (2014) https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-06/british-case-could-lead-to-pregnant-women-charged-for-drinking/5871610 accessed 9 February 2015 Corfield L, Granne I and Latimer-Sayer W,ABC Of Medical Law(Wiley-Blackwell/BMJ Books 2009) Diduck A and O'Donovan K,Feminist Perspectives On Family Law(Routledge-Cavendish 2006) GHANDHI P and MACNAMEE E, 'THE FAMILY IN UK LAW AND THE INTERNATIONAL COVENANT ON CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 1966' (1991) 5 "International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family" Mail Online, 'Pregnant Women Who Drink Will NOT Be Criminalised After Child Left Brain Damaged When Her Mother Drank Half A Bottle Of Vodka And Eight Cans Of Lager A Day Loses Test Case For Compensation' (2014) https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2860485/Mothers-drink-NOT-criminalised-child-left-brain-damaged-mother-drank-half-bottle-vodka-eight-cans-lager-day-pregnant-loses-test-case-compensation.html accessed 9 February 2015 Nhlapo R and Eekelaar J,The Changing Family(Hart Pub 1998) Pascall G, 'UK Family Policy In The 1990S: The Case Of New Labour And Lone Parents' (1999) 13 International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family Phillips A,Medical Negligence Law(Dartmouth 1997) Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority(1985) 3 All ER S v St Georges Hospital(1998) 3 WLR

Job Description

Pros and Cons of the Common Core State Standards

Pros and Cons of the Common Core State Standards The full implementation of the Common Core State Standards has come and gone. The true impact that they have on schools and education as a whole may still not be known for several years. One thing that is for sure is this shift to a national set of standards has been revolutionary and highly controversial. They have been highly debated and well discussed with a handful of states once committed to the standards having eventually recanted to go a different direction. As the media continues to evaluate the significance of the Common Core and data from Common Core states begin to pour in, you can bet the debate will rage on. Here, we examine several of the pros and cons of the Common Core Standards that will continue to lead the debate. PROS The Common Core State Standards are internationally benchmarked. This means that our standards will compare favorably to standards of other countries. This is positive in that the United States has dropped considerably in educational rankings over the last few decades. By having standards that are internationally benchmarked that ranking could begin to improve.The Common Core State Standards has allowed states to compare standardized test scores accurately. Up until the Common Core Standards, each state had their own set of standards and assessments. This has made it exceedingly difficult to compare one states results accurately with another state’s results. This is no longer the case with like standards and assessments for Common Core states who share the same assessments.The Common Core State Standards has decreased the costs states pay for test development, scoring, and reporting. This is because each state will no longer have to pay to have their unique tests to be develop ed. Each of the states that share the same standards can develop a like test to meet their needs and split costs. Currently, there are two majors Common Core-related testing consortia. Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium is made up of fifteen states and PARCC consists of nine states. The Common Core Standards has increased the rigor in some classrooms and may better prepare students for college and global work success. This is probably the single biggest reason that the Common Core Standards were created. Higher education has long complained that more and more students need remediation at the beginning of college. The increased rigor should lead students to be more prepared for life after high school.The Common Core State Standards arguably has lead to the development of higher level thinking skills in our students. Students today often are tested on one skill at a time. The Common Core assessment will cover several skills within each question. This will ultimately lead to better problem-solving skills and increased reasoning.The Common Core State Standards assessments have given teachers a tool to monitor students’ progress throughout the year. The assessments will have optional pre-test and progress monitoring tools that teachers can use to find out what a student knows, where they are going, and to figure out a plan to get them where they need to be. This gives teachers an avenue to compare an individual student’s progress instead of one student against another. The Common Core State Standards assessments have been more authentic to a child’s learning experience. We will be able to see what all a student has learned across all curricula through the multi-assessment model. Students will no longer simply be allowed to come up with the right answer. Often times they must give an answer, state how they arrived at that conclusion, and defend it.The Common Core State Standards can benefit students with high mobility when they move from one Common Core state into another. States will now share the same set of standards. Students in Arkansas should be learning the same thing as a student in New York. This will benefit students whose families move continuously.The Common Core State Standards has given students stability thus allowing them to understand what is expected of them. This is important in that if a student understands what, and why they are learning something, there becomes a greater sense of purpose behind learning it.The Common Cor e State Standards has in many ways enhanced teacher collaboration and professional development. Teachers across the nation have been teaching the same curriculum. This allows teachers in opposite corners of the nation to share their best practices with each other and apply it. It also provides the opportunity for meaningful professional development as the education community is all on the same page. Finally, the standards have sparked a meaningful, nationwide conversation about the state of education in general. CONS The Common Core State Standards has been a tremendously difficult adjustment for students and teachers. It has been a difficult transition. It was not the way many teachers were used to teaching and not the way that many students were used to learning. There have not been instant results but instead, has been a slow process with many almost refusing to get on board.The Common Core State Standards has caused many outstanding teachers and administrators to pursue other career options. Many veteran teachers have retired rather than adjust the way they teach. The stress of getting their students to perform will likely continue to cause more teacher and administrator burnout.The Common Core State Standards are vague and broad. The standards are not particularly specific, but many states have been able to deconstruct or unwrap the standards making them more teacher friendly.The Common Core State Standards has forced younger students to learn more at a quicker pace than they ever have befor e. With the increased rigor and higher level thinking skills, early childhood programs have become more rigid. Pre-Kindergarten has become more important, and skills students used to learn in second grade are being taught in Kindergarten. The Common Core State Standards assessment does not have an equivalency test for students with special needs. Many states provide students with special needs a modified version of the test. There is no modified test for the Common Core Standards, meaning that 100% of a school’s population has their results reported for accountability purposes.The Common Core State Standards could be watered down when compared to a few states who had previously developed and adopted rigorous standards. The Common Core Standards were designed as a middle ground of the current state standards meaning that while many states’ standards were raised, there were some whose rigor decreased.The Common Core State Standards caused many textbooks to become obsolete. This was a pricey fix as many schools had to develop or purchase new curricula and materials that were aligned to the Common Core.The Common Core State Standards costs schools a lot of money to update the technology needed for the Common Core Standards Assessments. Most of the assessments are online. This created many issues for districts who had to purchase enough computers for all students to be assessed in a timely manner. The Common Core State Standards has led to an increased value on standardized test performance. High stakes testing is already a trending issue, and now that states are able to compare their performances against another accurately, the stakes have only become higher.The Common Core State Standards currently only have skills associated with English-Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics. There is currently no science, social studies, or art/music Common Core Standards. This leaves it up to individual states to have to develop their own set of standards and assessments for these topics.

Liberation movements and US policy Research Paper

Liberation movements and US policy - Research Paper Example Over the past, there has been a number of liberation movements all aimed at getting some specific end results. These liberation movements usually have some effects on the areas in which they operate. They touch on different spheres for instance political, social, economic and socio-cultural areas (Berdal and Malone 108). This piece of work looks at various liberation movements and their effect on the US Policy. As stated earlier, there has been formation of a number of liberation movements each of them having different impacts on different aspects. Some of them have lasted for a relatively long period of time and achieved their mission and vision while others have only existed for a short period of time. There have been a lot of terms and definitions that have been put forth with respect to liberation movements. For instance, they have been referred to as rebel movements, non-state armed groups, insurgencies among other terms. Some definitions tend to be relatively narrow while other s are very extensive. The difference in definitions has been as a result of the difference in these group’s structure, goals and objectives and well as their geopolitical environment. However, a general definition that has been put forward for the resistance and liberation movements states that they are groups that have a hierarchical organization that acts as a command tool, are independent from state control, they use violence to attain political ends and have a certain level of territorial power over a given geographical area (Bruderlein 17). Some of the liberation movements that will be discussed in this paper include FARC, Hamas, Hezbollah and Basque Separatist. FARC FARC stand for the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia. It was founded in the year 1964. It is ranked as the largest, oldest, best equipped and most capable Latin America’s insurgency. It was established as a military wing linked with the Columbian Communist Party. It is of Marxist origin. Currentl y, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia concentrates in fighting for the achievement of the Marxist goals. Columbia is the primary country of operation of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia. However it undertakes some other activities in its neighboring nations for instance acquisition of weapons, extortion, kidnapping, as well as logistics among others (The National Counterterrorism Center par 1). As a resistance and liberation movement, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia employs different tactics in an effort to achieve its goals and objectives against Columbia military, economic as well as political targets. Some of the tactics include murder, extortion, bombing, kidnapping, revolutionary and conventional military action as well as hijacking. The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia is also well known in its indulgence in drug trafficking related activities for example its cultivation, distribution and taxation. The main factor that has led to the consider ation of the US persons as being legitimate military targets is the fact that the United States fully supports the Columbian government. Although the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia has had some successes in its activities, it has also faced a lot of challenges that have undermined its powers thus affecting its capability to undertake its activities, as desired against the Columbian government and the United States of America at large. In the year 2009 for example, the group lost a

Law assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Law assignment - Essay Example Ewing is expected to win the case being treated unfairly compared to the other students who also failed in the particular exams. 3. This case would lead to the limitation of the rights of students and the justification of inequalities in educational institutes – potentially in other organizational areas also. Journal Activity  2 1. Lee entered a liquor store for buying cognac. However, he thought he could have it without paying for it or, at least, not for all of it. He took two bottles of cognac from the self but concealed one of them in his pants. The employee saw him and approached him. Then, Lee left both bottles and started to run. However, he was caught by a near-by police officer and was prosecuted for shoplifting. 2. Shoplifting is the criminal offence discussed in this case. The specific crime can be generally characterized as theft; however, its level is different across states, in accordance with the limits set for the value of the goods stolen. Normally, shoplift ing is characterized as a misdemeanor; for goods over the $500, shoplifting is considered as a felony. Shoplifting laws are highly differentiated across states. 3. The effective enforcement of law related to shoplifting, as of other crimes also, could be a means for increasing the sense of safety of citizens in their daily activities. Journal Activity  3 1. Philip Smith brought with him in school a poisonous spider. He locked it in his locker thinking that it could not escape. However, two students opened Philip’s locker, the spider escaped and entered the locker room of Judy Norton. The girl was bitten by the spider and sued Smith for the injury she suffered. 2. Norton can use the personal injury law which entitles the person who suffered the injury the right to ask for compensation for the injury he suffered but also for damages of other types (damages for emotional pain, future medical expenses and so on). Norton is expected to win the case only if she proves that Smith had responsibility for the injury, i.e. that he could have foreseen the danger and that he did not take the necessary measures to avoid it. 3. This case could help to understand clearer the liability for not taking the necessary measures when owning a pet/ animal. Journal Activity  4 1. A divorce case has been brought before a federal district court because the parties involved, Shahnaz and Vasu Harinath, wanted to keep the problem secret – referring to their community. Would the federal district court hear the case? 2. The family law is applied to this case. However, in accordance with the laws on jurisdiction, the federal district courts do not have the power to hear such cases. It is expected that the case will be diverted to a state court. 3. The specific case would be important answering to the following question: are the parties of a law dispute free in choosing the court that will hear their case? Journal Activity  5 1. I agree with the auto dealership. Since there is a mistake in the advertising, which the auto dealership could not control, it would not be fair for his advertisement to be considered as an offer. Also, generally, the courts do not consider advertisements as ‘offer’, refusing the potential of an advertisement to bind the party that made the advertisement (for instance, Partridge v Crittenden 1968). More specifically, in the context of the

The Nightmare of the American Dream Essay Example for Free

The Nightmare of the American Dream Essay The â€Å"American Dream†, an idea that success, freedom and equality exists according to each mans capabilities regardless of social status and ethnicity, is one that appeals to every American from all walks of life. After the Great Depression, the importance of realizing success, freedom and equality became a priority in the lives of many, including the Native Americans. The belief in the â€Å"American Dream† was deeply embedded in their hearts in a quest to dispel stereotypes about their community such as being poverty- stricken and primitive warriors who belonged in the jungles as they began to assimilate into the urban culture of a white dominated society. However, as one examines the American society today, such stereotypes still exists and may have been influential in the opportunities presented to the Native American communities or the lack thereof. In the story â€Å"The Red Convertible†, Louise Erdrich employs images associated with freedom as ironies in order to argue that the â€Å"American Dream† is a farce as the stereotypes attached to individual communities, in this case, the Native American communities will never be broken and the believe in such dreams will eventually lead to life-altering and undesirable outcomes. Erdrich consistently uses the image of the convertible that the brothers bought which would usually represent freedom and status connected with the ownership of an automobile in an ironical manner to show that the brothers will never be free and revered in society as a result of their ethnicity. Its colour, â€Å"of course it was red† (1-2), is a reminder of how Native American communities have lived with the stigma of being call Red Indians for centuries thus suggesting they will never be free of such derogatory labels. The brothers bought the car â€Å"reposed, calm and gleaming† (34) just as they bought into the promising idea of equality in the â€Å"American Dream†. Paralleling the journey of the gleaming car to Henry who had to leave for the war as many Native Americans were drafted to fight on the frontline, Lyman â€Å"had it up on blocks in the yard or half taken apart, because the long trip did a hard job on it† just as light-hearted Henry returns from the war a broken man, needing â€Å"repairs†. The ultimate irony is in the tragic ending of the convertible sinking into the river, representing the crushed dreams of equality and success as Henry returns to the same poverty-stricken life of the reservation which he assumed would change at the end of the war. To further illustrate the irony of the â€Å"American Dream†, Erdrich compares Henry to the rabbit which is essentially an animal that exists freely in the wild but who exists to be preyed just as Native Americans believing that they were equals in society but were actually preyed upon the stereotype that they were brave, natural warriors who would have skills to fight ruthlessly in the war. When Henry came back from the war, he was â€Å"jumpy and mean† (123) and when he was still, â€Å"it was the kind of stillness that you see in a rabbit when it freezes before it will bolt† (128-130). Henry was used as a prey in the war based on a stereotype without any regard for his humanity, now would bolt to protect himself as he realizes that the dream of equality he believed in was a lie which exploited his ethnicity instead of protecting it. As Lyman narrated another stereotype of Native Indians in the story: â€Å"We liked to tease him that they really wanted him for his Indian nose† (91-92), has more truth to it as many Native Americans were made to fight in the front line during the war resulting in an alarming rate of deaths. Lastly, Erdrich ironically uses imagery of nature as embodiments of hope and new beginnings and juxtaposed them against the brothers dreams of a better life which was tragically crushed. Lyman describes of the day when Henry suggests to take the car out for a spin after he fixed it: It was spring. The sun was shining very bright. My only sister, Bonita, who was just eleven years old came out and made us stand together for a picture. (194-196) The imagery of springtime which symbolizes hope and life and the Sun which symbolizes a gleaming future is what the brothers had believed in as they bought into the idea of the â€Å"American Dream† as a means of escaping their poverty stricken lives in the reservations. However, after  Henry â€Å"squint against the glare† (212) of the Sun in the photo as he could no longer believe in the dream after being exploited in the war. As Lyman later examines the picture, he realizes that Henry â€Å"might have drawn back , because the shadows on his face are deep as holes† (214-215) suggests that Henry will never again be the person that he was even in the hopeful time of Spring, he will always be a victim of the war and stereotypes hence unable to pursue forward to achieve success as promised in the â€Å"American Dream† he had believed earlier. In the later part of the story, Erdrich uses the image of the sun again, only this time in a deference to the tragedy of Henrys drowning as he is unable to live the life of poverty and despair as well as to the failure of the American dream which did not deliver its promise of equality and freedom as â€Å"the sun is down†(294). The ironical use of images of freedom in â€Å"The Red Convertible† shows that the â€Å"American Dream† did not deliver its promise of equality regardless of social status and ethnicity as stereotypes regarding the Native Americans continue to exist and such stereotypes not only has the ability to hurt an individual but can also have tragic consequences such as deaths of Native Americans in alarming numbers in the war as well as the death of Henry as he no longer believed in the dream.

To Kill A Mockingbird Essays: Great Courage -- Kill Mockingbird essays

Courage in To Kill A Mockingbird Courage is shown within the characters of To Kill A Mockingbird in several situations. The characters are challenged to face danger or pain without fear. The courage they display gives them strength and deepens their self-understanding as the novel progresses. Early in the novel, Scout illustrates the courage she embodies. On her first day of school, Scout acts as an ambassador for the entire class. She takes the duty of informing Miss Caroline of Walter Cunningham's situation. Miss Caroline had just scolded Scout for her ability to read, however, Scout still feels the classes' need for leadership. Most children at her age would fear speaking to the teacher is such a bold fashion. Scout shows advanced maturity for her age, and this allows her to successfully act upon her courage, rather than suppressing its existence. Walter Cunningham, himself, was shy and fearful of speaking to the teacher. Scout over came the petty fears that plagued the remainder of the class, and acted out of Walter's best interest. Her courage spoke in Walter's absence, and inability to express his monetary situation. Jem is faced with a courageous situation in regards to the Radley house. His courage stems from fear of receiving a whipping from Atticus, and more important, his disapproval. Jem is willing to risk his life in order to save his father from showing disappointment. The threat of Mr. Radley waiting for the intruder with his gun instils fear within Jem. However, Jem overcomes this fear in order to sustain Atticus' faith. Being the only and eldest son places pressure upon Jem to set an e... ...re you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do." (112). Within all the examples of courage there is not a situation when the courage did not stem from a need within the character. Courage is the inner desire to succeed and to do what is righteous, no matter what humiliation or consequences that plague you because of your decision. Scout, Jem, Atticus, Calpurnia and Mrs. Dubose understood the risks they faced but continued with their actions because it was moral. They did not all enter their personal situation expecting to win. Scout still faced further scolding from Miss Caroline. Jem eventually told his father what he had done to the Radley's. There were winners and losers but they do not regret the courage they showed for the sake of good intentions.

Accounting & information Technology Essay

How the process of computerising accounting information systems (AIS) and telecommunicating accounting information over the web actually help the accounting functions in an organisation operating globally? However, the counter-claim is that the breaching of the security of such systems will be a great risk that needs to be properly managed in various ways. The purpose of the essay is to identify how the process of computerising accounting information and telecommunication accounting information over the web can help the accounting functions in an organisation operating globally and to find out how large firm can protect their system and information by using different methods. Also, in this assignment the main function of computerizing accounting information system (AIS) and telecommunicating accounting information over the web will be discussed along with successful examples and failure examples. Also, it will link and explain why these functions will help the accounting functions to operate globally. Also, in this assignment it will explain the main threats of using such system and will point out how large organisations able to manage these potential threats. See more: Strategic Management Process Essay Accounting Information System is vital to all organisations (Borthick and Clark, 1990). The process of computerizing accounting information systems (AIS) is a system of collection, storage and processing of financial and accounting data that is used by decision makers. The result can be used internally by management or externally by other interested parties including investors and creditors. Organisations depend on information systems to stay competitive, they see information as important as a resource such as plant and machines. Therefore, in order to stay competitive, organisations may have to computerising their AIS, to make the process automatic in order to; reduce effort, save time, improve efficiency and reduce labor cost. However, many organisations are not enjoying the benefit of computerization of accounting system as they have continued to be inaccurate due to increased number of interruptions due to system failure or breakdown and untimeliness with its reliability left in the question. So how computerising accounting information system helps the accounting functions in an organisation operating globally? In a computer system, processing is carried out electronically, usually with little or no intervention from a human user. The components of a computer system include hardware and software. Hardware describes the physical components of a computer system. Example: Monitor, bar-code reader, Web camera and speakers. And software is a series of detailed instructions that control the operation of a computer system. Software exists as programs that are developed by computer programmers. Example: systems software and applications software. (Khaled Abdala, Financial accounting & information technology, p.510). But how they actually help the accounting functions in an organisation operate globally? When a firm has grown globally, they then have to deal with billions of information per day from many different countries, and the only way they can process the information is by using computer system, today’s computer system come in variety of sizes, shapes and computing capabilities. Categories such as mainframe, midrange and microcomputer systems are still used to help an organisation which operates globally, such as IBM, to express the relative processing power and number of end users that can highlight the major uses of particular types of computers. Telecommunications is on a national or global scare, in order to allow telecommunications to operate it consist both software and hardware to set up these links. Hardware include; satellite and microwave transmissions. Telecommunications help the accounting functions in an organisation operating globally by enable a business that operating from different locations to run as a single unit. . (Khaled Abdala, Financial accounting & information technology, page. 571). This means that the information can be managed centrally and control maintained from a central location. Also, an organisation can use telecommunications to collaborate with other companies such as their suppliers by using electronic data interchange or web-based e-procurement with partners. One of the main advantages of using telecommunication is improving the communications within and outside a business. Due to poor communication, diseconomies of scale maybe appear where there is too much information to deal with at the same time and leading to some information are being ignore. This will then increase the cost per unit and may pull down the shareholder’s interest and may lead to a business failure. Also Electronic business (e-business) and Electronic commerce (e-commerce) are also included in the telecommunication, where the term e-business is credited by the former IBM CEO Lou Gerstner. E-business involves several key activities: improving business processes, enhancing communications and providing the means to carry out business transactions securely. And e-commerce is not only a type of industry where buying and selling of product or service is conducted over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks also e-commerce encompasses the entire online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing, and paying for products and services transacted on internetworked, global marketplaces of customers, with the support of a worldwide network of business partners. (James A.O’Brien, management information systems. P.284). A great example of e-business and e-commerce is ASOS.com, ASOS is the UK’s largest online-only fashion and beauty store. ASOS is a global online fashion and beauty retailer and offers over 50000 branded and own label product lines across women wear, menswear footwear, accessories and jewelry. ASOS has websites targeting the UK, USA, France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Australia and also ships to over 190 other countries from its central distribution in the UK. (Online, Available at: http://www.asosannualreport2008.com/Doc/pdf/AnnualReport2008.pdf). Without a single shop, they able to automating many of the administrative tasks associated with ordering, supplying and delivering goods, therefore the cost of a typical business transaction can be reduced significantly. Also, due to operating their business through internet, they are able to operating at any time of the year, this then lead them to have an advantage of having a much flexible time and place to sell their products than the tradition international organisation such as Topshop. However, is there only advantage of using AIS and telecommunicating accounting information for organisation to operate globally? Is there anything stopping organisations using it? Yes, is the answer. There is no question that the uses of information technology in an organisation presents major security challenges, poses serious ethical questions, and affect society in significant ways. (James A.O’Brien, Management information systems, p.439). Computer crime is a growing threat to society caused by the criminal or irresponsible actions of individuals who are taking advantage of the widespread use and vulnerability of computers and the internet and other networks. Also, natural disasters can also be a great risk to a system. All information systems are susceptible to damage caused by natural phenomena, such as storm, lighting strikes, floods and earthquakes. For example, in Japan and the United States took the great care to protect critical information system from the effect of earthquakes. There are five major categories of controls that can be applied to information systems. There are: physical protection, biometric controls, telecommunications controls, failure controls and auditing. (khaled Abdala, Financial accounting & information technology, page. 627) Physical protection is simple, this involves the use of physical barriers intended to protect against theft and unauthorized access. Lock, barriers and security chains are examples of this form of control. Secondly, biometric controls, these type of controls make use of the unique characteristics of individuals in order to restrict access to sensitive information or equipment, this can be achieve by using scanners that can check finger-prints, voice prints or even retinal patterns. Thirdly, the telecommunications controls, this type of control involve identity of a particular user. Common type of communications controls includes passwords and user validation routines. As an example, when a new network account is created for a given user, they may be asked to supply several pieces of personal information. The fourth control is failure control, failure controls attempt to limit or avoid damage by the failture of an information system. Typical examples include recovery procedures and regular backups of data. The last type of control is auditing, Auditing involves taking stock of procedures, hardware, software and data at regular intervals. With regard to software and data, audits can be carried out automatically with an appropriate program. Auditing software works by scanning the hard disk drives of any computers, terminals and servers attached to a network system. In conclusion, we can see that organisation have to be carefully managed with their AIS and information due to natural disasters and individuals who are taking advantage of the widespread use and vulnerability of computers, because if you don’t take care of your accounting information system, others will take care of it for you. But if can be carefully manage, we can say that computerising accounting information systems (AIS) and telecommunicating accounting information over the web can actually help the accounting functions in an organisation operating globally, with great example of ASOS. References: 1. Borthick, A.F.; Clark, R.L. (1990). Making accounting information systems work: An empirical investigation of the creative thinking paradigm. Journal of information System, p. 48-62 2. Khaled Abdala, Financial accounting & information technology. Page. 284) 3. (Khaled Abdala, Financial accounting & information technology, page. 571) 4. (Online, Available at: http://www.asosannualreport2008.com/Doc/pdf/AnnualReport2008.pdf) 5. (James A.O’Brien, Seventh edition, Management information systems, p.439) 6. (Khaled Abdala, Financial accounting & information technology, page. 627)

Managing Financial Resources and Decisions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1253 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Managing Financial Resources and Decisions Table of Contents Introductions-3 2.1 a) Calculation for the Cost of Ordinary Share Capital-3 2.1 b) Calculation for the Cost of Preference Capital3 2.1 c) Calculations for the Cost of Debenture Capital after Tax3 2.1 d) Calculation for the weighted average Cost of Capital of the company4 2.2 Importance of the financial planning4 2.3 Informational needs of Directors, Senior Managers and Junior Managers5 2.4 Impact of the financial statements6 Bibliography7 2.1 Introduction The financial Report is provided by Brian Harris Chartered Accountants to assist our client, X Limited, in understanding the results of financial condition and operations calculated in order to facilitate better and more effective decision making. 2.1 a) Calculate the cost of Ordinary Share Capital: Dividend Growth Model: Po =  £2 = 200 p Po=market price for each share Do = 10 p Do= Company payment g =8% = 0.08 g= growth rate in dividend 2.1 b) Calculate the Cost of Preference Share Capital: Pp =  £ 1.20 each Dp= annual dividend of preference share Dp = 12 % = 12/ 100 =0.12 Pp= market price of the preference stock Kp= cost of preference share capital 2.1 c) Calculate the Cost of Debenture Capital after tax: I = 10 %=  £ 1, 000 I= interest rate Taxation= 20% t =taxation Pd =  £125 Pd = price of debenture Kd= cost of debenture capital after tax 2.1 d) Calculate the weighted average cost of Capital of the company: . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managing Financial Resources and Decisions" essay for you Create order MV (market value) CDC % OSC (Ordinary share capital) 2000 x 2 =4000 13.40 PSC ( Preference share capital) 1000 x 1.20 = 1200 10.00 D (debenture) 125% x 1000 = 1250 6.40 COC (cost of capital) 6450 WACC= WACC= 2.2 Importance of financial planning The financial plan is considered by all marketers the cornerstone or the spine of the business, without the company cannot run properly and profitably. So there are some important points that need to be followed to understand why the financial plan is important and how it helps the business. First of all, a plan is put in place in accordance to the goal the business has set and is working to reach those goals. For instance, the income in the business can be administered better, between the tax payments, any expenditures and even savings. The cash flow can be controlled and budgeted properly in the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ favour. A raise of the cash flow means a raise of the capital; that will help with investing in the business to increase the financial situation of the business. With an appropriate financial plan, proper investments can be chosen to adapt to the tasks and goals of the business. Also, the investments are useful for educational reasons, can be used to train the staff, or in times of emergency. The financial plan needs to include: a completed and up-to-date balance sheet, income statement and cash flow forecast; without all of those, the business will not be able to persuade any lender for a loan or any other financial assistance the business will need in the long-term. Secondly, the financial plan helps the business to determine the assets that can become a worry in the future because of the liabilities they come with. The assets are very important for the business; they can determine the solvency of the company. In the third place the financial plan that includes a proper insurance coverage is a worry less for the ownerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family protecting their investment. All the saving, created because of the good planning, can be benefic in crucial times. To put together a proper financial plan, the business owner should seek guidance and assistance from a financ ial advisor, who will assess the financial situation of the business and can evolve a strong financial plan that should meet the businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ objectives and goals. 2.3 Informational needs of Directors, Senior Managers and Junior Managers The executive of the company, responsible with the strategic and tactical management of the business is formed by the directors, senior managers and junior managers. The director (or directors of each department in a large company) is responsible with the strategic management. He needs large amount of information from a broad range of sources: markets, products, competitive environment, supply chain, new technology on the market, and about personnel and Human Resources, ready for a very good decision making. The director must acknowledge what information or raw data is needed to rule efficiently the company. Senior managers are responsible with the tactical management in the company, monitoring operations and finances. T here are five demanding areas that are in the senior managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attention: The public policy perspective related with informing the stakeholders and public about the important issues of the day Client perspective-related with people that sponsor work in the company, or those that make arrangements about pilot projects, researches and other type of projects, and how to meet their expectations. Internal business perspective refers at managing successfully any activities based on communication with staff, researches conducted in the company. The Innovation and Learning perspective refers at the training the staff should take to reach the skill level that is in accordance with the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s policies, to work efficiently, and how to overcome the cultural barriers in the company, by building the inclusive culture. The Financial Perspective à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" refers at the rising funds that are imperative to support the researches are made by the company, and controlling and managing in an efficient way the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s resources. Junior Managers are part of the projects and support their senior managers in their operational responsabilities, collecting data and analyse the results, handling interviews with clients from inside the company, presenting the analysed results of the collected information in front of the project manager and the whole team; they can even lead projects when they have the necessary experience. 2.4 Impact of finance on the financial statements Financial statements make the support for understanding the financial position and performance, and also the liquidity of a business. They are considered like a map that gives a good direction to achieve the objectives of the business, and also to attract new investors. Financial statements refers at: income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement, statement of changes in equity, an annual report, a 5 years report and summary of financial data, financial report, stock prices, auditorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ report, accounting policies, management discussion and analysis, just to name the most important ones. The business must collect correct financial information, must process it in different financial statements and then issued them regularly to the investors of the company. Because it has a huge impact on the future of the business, all the information in the statements must be accurate. Financial statements can have a radical effect on the Stock Price. The investors take the information released on the financial statements and make assumptions about their investment decisions. Depending how the information on the financial statements is presented, the Stock Price can go up or down. A dramatic effect the financial statements can have on the Financial Decisions, on how easy is for the business to get financing. The lenders want to invest in the businesses with good figures, so they look at the financial statements before they lend money to the company. If the financial statements are not favourable, the effect is negative, resulting in no loan borrowed by the company. Good figures in the financial statements will attract New Investors. They are interested in new shares of stock issued from the companies with very good earnings. After a thoroughly examination of the financial statements, the new investors can determine if is a good investment to put money into a company, or not. Bibliography https://www.agualtiplano.net/the-financial-plan.php https://www.blueshorefinancial.com/ToolsAdvice/Articles/FinancialPlanning/TenReasonsWhyFinancialPlanningIsImportant/ https://www.ukessays.com/essays/finance/sources-of-finance-and-impact-on-financial-statements-finance-essay.php https://smallbusiness.chron.com/impact-financial-statements-23794.html https://gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/what-directors-need-to-know/ Carmen Parolea-MogaPage 1