Friday, December 27, 2019

Image Of Nursing A Look At An Historical Image - 987 Words

The field of nursing encompasses a vast array of knowledge, skills, and professionalism. However, often times the image of nursing does not mirror these things. What is image? Many individuals may answer this question differently depending on their age, personal experiences, and exposure to media. The image of nursing is the overall idea, perception, or belief of what nursing is. Image is an important factor in nursing, as a false image may discredit the true heart of nursing, leading to misconceptions that may directly affect how patient care is implemented, as well as recruitment into the profession. This paper will discuss the image of nursing with a look at an historical image compared to contemporary image of nursing, how the public’s image affects nursing recruitment, and a look at both personal and professional strategies that can be used to improve the image of nursing. The image of nursing has continued to evolve throughout history. One era in particular that h as had an impact on the public’s idea of nursing is the Victorian era of the mid 1800’s. Prior to this time, nursing was known to be a religious-type of charity practice; however, in the mid 1800’s, some novels and poems that depicted nursing in different ways influenced the public’s image of nursing. In Charles Dickens’ s novel Martin Chuzzlewit, one specific character, Sairy Gamp, is a nurse who had a greater interest the bottle and profiting from the ill, than for the care of her patientsShow MoreRelatedThe History Of Nursing Practice1613 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of nursing is fundamentally the foundation of nursing today. Historical nursing leaders have paved the way for our nurses in the 21st century by their views, dedication, and achievements. Not only have these leaders paved the way for nursing as a profession, but they have also instilled historical changes in health care and in our society overall. The current definition of nu rsing today is â€Å"the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness andRead MoreNursing Professional Identity Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagesthe impact of historical development of nursing on contemporary representations of the nursing profession. It examines the professional identity of nursing and further discusses the contribution of modern nursing, social, cultural and political factors that influences the professional identity of a nurse. The essay also looks into the professional regulations and the role of the nurse’s and midwifery Council (NMC) in the protection of the public. Finally, this essay will discuss nursing education, theRead MoreNursing Professional Identity Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on how historical developments of nursing impact on contemporary representations of the nursing profession. It will examine professional identity of the profession and further discusses the value of modern nursing, socia l, cultural and political factors that influence the professional identity of the nurse. I will also discuss the professional regulation and the role of the nurse’s midwifery Council (NMC) in the protection of the public. Finally, this essay will discuss nursing education, theRead MoreSocietal Standards of Feminine Beauty Essay783 Words   |  4 PagesWhile women have made historical strides in the past decades, the culture at large is bound to the narcissistic constraints about how women should look. These unattainable beauty standards, largely proliferated through the media, have drastic impacts on women and their body image. Societal standards of feminine beauty are presented in all forms of popular and alternative media, bombarding women with images that portray the ideal body. Such standards of beauty are almost completely far-fetched forRead MoreAnalysis Of Tiara And Eva Marie By Catherine Opie1917 Words   |  8 Pagescreated in 1906 by artist Mary Cassatt is titl ed â€Å"Young Mother Nursing Her Child†. The second is a photograph, titled â€Å"Self-Portrait/Nursing†, by Catherine Opie, taken in 2004. The third, titled â€Å"Tiara and Eva Marie†, was created in 2011 by Canadian artist Kate Hansen. Each of these artistic renderings celebrate the tender and intimate bond shared between a mother and child, through images of partially-dressed and fully nude mothers nursing, or holding their infant children in various maternal posesRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Buddhism1184 Words   |  5 PagesChristians believe we were made in God’s image and we are one with Him. Buddhists believe that through karma, humans can be reincarnated into higher or lower levels of life. When thinking of why it is possible to know anything at all, Christians believe humans know the world around them as well as God himself because of God’s grace given to them. In Buddhism, the only way to know the true meaning of reality a person has to withdraw from the world. They have to look from within to get in touch withRead MoreThe Changing Image of Australian Nursing Essay3967 Words   |  16 PagesThe Changing Image of Australian Nursing Jacqueline Bloomfield RN, CM, Dip App.Sci (Nur), BN, Grad Cert Onc Nur, Grad Dip Midwifery, MN, MCN (NSW). ABSTRACT The way in which the public perceives nursing significantly influences nurseï ¿ ½s role performance, job satisfaction and occupational expectations. The public image of Australian nursing has been subject to a plethora of influencing factors since health-care services were first established in this country over two centuries ago, Since itsRead More Ehrenreich’s Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America1015 Words   |  5 Pagesto determine whether those individuals formerly on welfare and largely unskilled, could earn a living wage on the minimum wage. In the book, Ehrenreich documented her experiences working a series of minimum wage jobs as a waitress, a maid and a nursing home dietary assistant. Ehrenreich found that in order to make ends meet and afford a place to live and food to eat, she needed to work two jobs, which left her in a constant state of exhaustion and pain. She also observed of her fellow serversRead MoreHistory Of Historical Development Of Nursing2266 Words   |  10 Pages Overview of Historical Development of Nursing from Ancient Times to the Present Betania Negre Nursing Theoretical Concepts Christene Johnson International Institute for Health Care Professionals April 25, 2015 Abstract Treating the sick people is not a recent practice; communities have cared for the ill through history, beginning in ancient times. Nursing has been around for centuries, but it was not always considered a profession (History of Nursing in the United States, 2015). TheRead MoreHistorical Characters Of The Astell, Galileo, And Florence Nightingale1753 Words   |  8 Pagesraining, dull summer day, not typical for South Jersey climate. I was rocking in my rocking chair on the porch while reading my Western Civilization history book. I was on the 15 chapter, reading about outstanding historical characters of the 17 century. I don’t know if it was relaxing historical book, or atmosphere, created by the weather, but I felt how I was drowning in sleep. Suddenly, I heard the loud noise coming from our garage where my crazy brother was recently working on some mysterious machine

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Essay on Religion, Sexuality, and Identity in the New South

Religion, Sexuality, and Identity in the New South A long line forms at Our Way Cafà © in Decatur, Georgia as customers are anxious to buy a plate heaping with traditional Southern food. If one were to observe the employees and those in line, one might notice that a diverse group patronizes this restaurant. There are men in business suits, men in gas station jump suits, women with huge diamond earrings, and women in sweats. Blacks, whites, young, old, Hispanics, and many gays eat and work at Our Way Cafà ©. These gays are open to exhibiting their sexual orientation and preferences, as same-sex couples find the setting to be comfortable. This array of people represents the community of Decatur, an in-town neighborhood east of Atlanta.†¦show more content†¦The fiscal, technological, and corporate developments lead to the further development of this tolerant, liberal, and educated group. Those who attend Oakhurst Baptist Church would most closely identify with this group. There are social problems, though, that are und erlying this â€Å"roaring boom† in the city (Hunter 20). Population increase left many families struggling for living accommodations. Technological employment leapt, but unemployment for the unskilled and young rose, particularly among blacks. This â€Å"presents an uncited and under-discussed problem in the community,† (Hunter 12). Many blacks became a group left behind during the modernization and â€Å"Manhattanization† of Atlanta in that they fill the â€Å"service economy†. Globalization has also eroded numerous Southern traditions and ways of life; Southern Baptists are amongst those that resent this change. The majority of Southern Baptists took the globalization of Atlanta in the opposite fashion as the tolerant suburbanites and became protective of their conservative beliefs and churches. â€Å"Pro-gay church to be ousted† read the September 16, 1999 Faith and Values section of the Atlanta Journal Constitution. This article reports upon an unprecedented action in 177 years of Baptist history: the removal of a church from the fellowship of the Georgia Southern Baptist Convention (Barillas 3). The Georgia Southern Baptist Convention voted against Decatur’s OakhurstShow MoreRelatedSexuality And Its Impact On Our Values And Experience Taught By Alfred C. Kinsey1649 Words   |  7 Pages Every day in our lives we make conscious decision regarding our very own sexuality. Based upon our values and experience taught they are some of the determination factors that lead us to decide who we are attracted to in terms of gender. In today’s world there is variability in sexuality that has allowed people to accept it as a moral behavior. Yet they are people of religious faith who see sexuality on a whole another scale that is based on the ideas of heteronormativity and the rejection ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Mab Segrest And Lee Smith873 Words   |  4 PagesMab Segrest and Lee Smith both write about envisioning a New South. This is a South that acknowledges women and minorities as holding roles that are not considered â€Å"grotesque† (Segrest 362) Lee Smith would employ the metaphor of adding more rooms to the â€Å"House of Fiction† (Smith 35). Segrest and Smith refer to an expansion of Southern literature that makes room for women to have multiple unique characteristics. Segrest would term this as writing â€Å"toward a women’s literature of wholeness† (362)Read MoreThe Human Mind And Behavior As Individuals And Small Groups984 Words   |  4 Pagesmind and behavior as individuals and small groups, sociology is the course to study human social relations and the society itself. Sociology focuses on explaining societal behavior by studying how gender, race, social classes, religion, socioeconomic status, and sexuality can associate with the overall culture. Example of sociology, social stratification, sociology will lean about how social stratification is formed and how it divides the people, and how people in the different class identify themselvesRead MoreEthics 101 Final1714 Words   |  7 Pagescolor of one’s skin, it is cultural differences that cause the oppositional dichotomies that define race. 2. Communities of color  have shaped their own sense of racial identity in response to oppression throughout history. A more recent example is the beginning of the music genre known as â€Å"gansta rap†. In the impoverished South Central Los Angeles, black residents were very used to mistreatment by the mostly white police force. In the article, â€Å"Kickin’ Reality, Kickin’ Ballistics: â€Å"Gansta Rap†Read MoreMy Perspectives on Human Sexuality1632 Words   |  7 PagesSexuality My Perspectives on Human Sexuality Reba McBride Oct. 3, 2010 PSY 265 Kaiewa Masuda Sexuality This is a comprehensive look at the results of the life experiences that have molded and shaped my sexual perspectives. I have had several different things that have happened to shape my thoughts and actions inn my sexual life. Yet now that I have taken this course I have gained a new found understanding for the reactions that were part of my life. The value system thatRead MoreHijras Of Indi Challenging The Sexually Dimorphic Construction Of Gender1159 Words   |  5 PagesHijras of India: Challenging the Sexually Dimorphic Construction of Gender The Hijras of India are typically born male, but they undergo ritual surgery to remove their male genitals in order to establish a new gender identity (Guest, 2014). The Hijras identify with the Hindu Mother Goddess, Bahuchara Mata, who is generally represented as transgendered (Guest, 2014). They typically dress and talk like women, although they are not seen as male nor female (Guest, 2014). They may also engage in sex withRead MoreGender And Sexuality : What The Standards Of Public Education?966 Words   |  4 PagesMy entire life has been spent in a small town in Spartanburg, South Carolina, where a very conservative mindset is in place. This conservative mindset not only stands for its politics, but affects a person’s religion or lack thereof, what the standards of public education include, the types of art productions showcased within the schools, and a repression of self-identity, such as a person’s gender and sexuality. Throughout much of my life, I questioned few of these aspects of mine and my community’sRead MoreHate Crime Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States, hate crimes have been the longest of many crimes that are committed. What is a hate crime? A hate crime is a criminal offense that is committed against an individual, a group, or a property, largely due to their; race, gender, sexuality, religious, and the list goes on and on. A hate crime is the act of aggression that goes against the individual, group, or society. Examples include; assault and battery, vandalism, and threats. Hate crimes are the most damaging, they attack theRead MoreThe Ethiopian Eunuch Story Of Class, Race, Gender, Ethnicity, And Sexuality Essay1889 Words   |  8 Pages GENDER, ETHNICITY, AND SEXUALITY (ACTS 8:26-49) ESSAY Introduction The story in Acts 8:26-40, which hold what could be a vital point of the first half of Acts of Apostle, give an account of the baptism of an unusual character presented in Acts 8:27 as an Ethiopian, a eunuch, a court official of the Candace, queen of the Ethiopian. The biblical character exemplifies in concrete form as multiple dissimilarities of class, race, gender, and perhaps religion and sexuality as well. There is ambiguityRead MoreDiversity Organizations Worksheet Essay801 Words   |  4 Pagesalong with the growth of the new social history and the acceptance of women into graduate programs in history departments. An important development is to integrate women into the history of race and slavery. A pioneer effort was Deborah Gray Whites Arnt I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South (1985), which helped to open up analysis of race, slavery, abolitionism and feminism, as well as resistance, power, and activism, and themes of violence, sexualities, and the body. A major trend

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Observation Report of A Child At Elementary School Recess Essay Example For Students

Observation Report of A Child At Elementary School Recess Essay Observation Report of A Child At Elementary School Recess Essay This observation is of a 10 year old male child during his lunch recess at an elementary school located in the South Bay area. The student participates in a day treatment program for children with emotional/social difficulties. The length of this observation was approximately forty five minutes. For the purpose of confidentiality this student will be referred to as John. In the first section of this observational analysis a brief description of the program which John participates in will be given. This will be followed by an analysis of Johns activities during the observation. Observation The day treatment program John participates in is located on the campus of a public elementary school, and is supported by a local private mental health agency. In general, children referred to this program experience some form of emotional and/or social deficit. In addition to John, there are nine other students enrolled within the program at present. John currently attends a mainstreaming class three times per week, where he has developed several friendships with his peers. This observation began as the students in the day treatment program were let out for recess following lunch. After leaving the class John ran to the designated play area with another student. The designated play area of the playground where the students of this program are restricted to consists of a jungle bar set ; This play structure consists of monkey bars with tall vertical poles for sliding down attached at each end, three parallel bars of varying height, and horizontal bars constructed in a ladder fashion for climbing on. Additionally, the designated area includes a tether ball court, and a balancing beam constructed in a Z shape. The staff has restricted the students of the program to this area due to these childrens limited abilities to demonstrate social skills, and in order to better supervise the group during recess activities. However, other children at the school are not restricted from this area and interact freely with the children from the program. After John had arrived at the play area he immediately jumped onto the parallel bars and began to swing back and forth, and launched himself into the air landing awkwardly almost falling down. John preceded to jump up onto the monkey bars. John climbed about half way across, where he was confronted with another student who was crossing in the opposite direction. At this point John jumped off of the bars and ran back to where he had begun, and proceeded to attempt crossing the bars again and made it. John went back to the parallel bars where he proceeded to swing, jumping off periodically. At one point John attempted to gain the staffs attention to watch what he could do on the bars; John swung himself repeatedly and then let one hand go, this spun him to one side where another parallel bar was located, which John grabbed onto. The staff shouted good job John, which seemed to motivate John to repeat this trick a few more times. After playing on the bars for a while longer, John went over to two other peers from his class who were engaging in pretend play. These children appeared to be playing a game of army combat, as they were running about shooting each other. John ran around the play area attempting to shoot his peers with his machine gun, and ended when they began pretending to be in hand-to-hand combat . At this point this point the staff directed the students not to get too physical, and the small group of children ran off. John played with this group for a while longer, as they would shoot at each other periodically and ran around the play area. John disengaged himself from playing with this group as he was distracted by a nearby puddle of water. .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 , .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 .postImageUrl , .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 , .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742:hover , .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742:visited , .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742:active { border:0!important; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742:active , .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742 .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54984154d1862e8a0bf8bac4c740b742:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edward Albee Essay John jumped over the puddle, and was prompted by the staff not to step in the water. After this warning John jumped over the puddle a few more times before picking up a stick, which he used to poke and investigate the tiny pool. John seemed very interested in this activity, and spent approximately five to eight minutes investigating what he had found before loosing interest and returning to the bars. There were more children now playing on the bars then had been earlier, and John seemed to grow inpatient; There were about four children occupying the parallel bars doing various .

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Abstract Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the most economically successful urban areas in the United Arab Emirates. These emirates’ economic and social progress directly depends on the development of the oil industry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United Arab Emirates (UAE) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In spite of the controversial aspects which are associated with the issues of economic and environmental sustainability, the planning and housing in Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the important developed sectors which are promoted by the governments to satisfy the citizens’ needs with the help of the developed housing programmes and projects. Although the housing policies and programmes developed and implemented in Abu Dhabi and Dubai differ in some conditions and aspects, the basic principles and norms on which the policies and programmes are based are similar and work to protect the citizens’ right s. The projects worked out in Abu Dhabi and Dubai respond to the idea of social and environmental sustainability, and the housing programmes are developed to address the citizens’ needs and resolve the housing problems. Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE) consist of seven federal emirates, and the paper focuses on the discussion of the development of such emirates as Abu Dhabi and Dubai which economic and social progress is associated with the effective government policies implemented within the economic and social spheres. Several decades ago, the territories of Abu Dhabi and Dubai were deserts, and today they are prosperous urban regions. The main purpose of this report is to examine the functioning of governmental housing policies and programmes, the main trends in the real estate markets of Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and the property rights followed in the emirates which can influence the development of the housing policies; it is necessary to analyze the data on the ho using programmes’ implementation and to compare the information on the functioning of the policies in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. The reason for writing the report is the necessity to examine the factors that shape the growth of Abu Dhabi and Dubai in relation to the accepted planning and housing policies. The results of this report can be used to work out the recommendations that can improve the economic and environmental sustainability of Dubai and Abu Dhabi.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The report is developed to address several significant assumptions. It is possible to assume that the rapid demographic and economic growth of Dubai and Abu Dhabi is based on the development of the oil industry in the country (Sayigh 2013, p. 131). However, it is also important to pay attention to the fact that there are different visions of the rapid economic development of the UAE in relation to the impact on the environment (Norton 2005). The study is conducted to examine the economic and environmental sustainability of the hosing policies, projects, and programmes used in Dubai and Abu Dhabi (Hawkins 2004; Kazimee 2012, p. 179). These assumptions are helpful for evaluating the development of these two emirates in relation to the efficiency of many housing programs implemented in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. This report contains a literature review in which the history of housing policies in Dubai and Abu Dhabi is discussed, the discussion of the urban development in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, the discussion of property rights and housing policies in the emirates, the discussion of the government housing policies and programmes in Dubai and Abu Dhabi with the focus on their similarities and differences, and the results and discussion sections which provide the comparison and overview of the report findings. Reference List Hawkins, R 2004, The Practical Guide to Waste Managem ent Law: With a List of Abbreviations and Acronyms, Useful Websites and Relevant Legislation, Thomas Telford, London. Kazimee, B 2012, Heritage and Sustainability in the Islamic Built Environment, WIT Press, Ashurst. Norton, B 2005, Sustainability: A Philosophy of Adaptive Ecosystem Management, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United Arab Emirates (UAE) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sayigh, A 2013, Sustainability, Energy and Architecture: Case Studies in Realizing Green Buildings, Academic Press, New York. This essay on The United Arab Emirates (UAE) was written and submitted by user Averie W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Village Of Skokie Vs. The Aclu Essays - Skokie Controversy

Village Of Skokie Vs. The Aclu Essays - Skokie Controversy Village Of Skokie Vs. The Aclu Skokie In the case of Village of Skokie vs. The ACLU(American Civil Liberties Union) I would definitely stand with the ACLU. The ACLU was defending the First Amendment Right. They were not defending the Nazis. We might not agree with what the Nazis are saying but, they still have a right to say it. Herb Lewison of the ACLU and the attorney for Collin stated to the judge Your Honor, this is a simple First Amendment case. The Village of Skokie seeks and order, preventing the exercise of free speech before the speech has even occurred, in spite of the fact that it has been proposed as an orderly exercise, taking place for only 20 minutes on public property in front of the Skokie Municipal Building. This section of the quote from Herb Lewison is simply saying that Skokie is just trying take away the first amendment right of the Nazis. Everything that they are asking for falls within their first amendment right. All they are just proposing is an orderly march. An orderly march for 20 minutes on public property. This is okay in my opinion because everything is offensive to someone. But you still have the right to voice your opinion. The second quote Lewison states is, This is a classic case in which government officials are asking a court of equity to impose a prior restraint on the speech of persons advocating unpopular ideas. Lewison is saying in this part of his summary argument that the government is asking the court to issue a prior restraint on the speech because they dont agree with their ideas. Another part of his quote states The Village of Skokie has shown only that the political views of Collin and his party are offensive and outrageous, which of course they are. They have failed to show any reason that the defendant planned to engage in any sort of illegal activity whatsoever. Lewison shows a very good understanding of the case he is involved in. He knows that Collins views are stupid and have no place in society. But Collin has made no threats to do anything illegal in his rally or march. All of the threats of violence have been made against him understandably. I strongly support Herb Lewison on thi s case. One of the best quotes in this whole legal battle came from the Judge who said, I believe he (Collin) intends to make trouble, to incite to riots and cause bodily harm. The Constitution certainly doesnt give a person like Collin the right to come into a peaceful community and cause violence. The Judge is looking at this from a point of view that most people would it is a very good analysis of what Collin intends to do. I understand the Judge on his standpoint but, like Lewison said he has not made any threat of illegal activity. I still say Collin has the right to speak under the First Amendment. I support the ACLU. No matter how brainless your statements might be you have the right to say it. If I wanted to say something and someone doesnt agree should I not be allowed to say it, truth or no truth to what Im saying.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Case study analysis of Ready Meals The WritePass Journal

Case study analysis of Ready Meals 1. Before and After Status of Ready Meals Case study analysis of Ready Meals 1. Before and After Status of Ready Meals2) Operation Management Laws and Theories and Cause Effect Relationships:3) General Advice:BibliographyRelated 1. Before and After Status of Ready Meals Ready Meals (RM) are a freshly prepared meals supply company with a major grocery retailer Strutt within its customer base. Strutt had previously employed a central ordering system that disregarded uncertainty and volatility factors in customer demand, where uncertainty is critical when designing any operational model. Koh (2004) defined it as the unpredictable event that has a disturbing impact on production and operations and causes model predictions to be different from reality. RM faced high demand, variability and uncertainty. On a weekly basis demand varied by 10 to 25% and, at times, exceeded 50%. The company had difficulty dealing with Strutt, which often charged them financial penalties in case of wastage or ill-timed supply. Variability and uncertainty has an impact on optimal safety stocks and lead times (Molinder, 1997). In the old system: Due to demand fluctuations orders were calculated sometimes two days prior to dispatch which extended supply lead time. A lot of sauce would go wasted due to demand variations. Trade-offs and buffering mechanisms were employed to solve volatility and uncertainty issues (Wazed, Ahmed and Yusoff, 2009). In the old system, a buffering mechanism changed working hours unannounced, which disappointed the employees and increased costs. Due to a central material requirement planning system (MRPS), impact of uncertainty was passed to suppliers. The orders were based on a provisional order because of required lead time. If the original/provisional order was low, the suppliers were pressurised for an urgent order. There was no mechanism to avoid wastage or stock from exceeding planned replenishment when the provisional order was higher. To increase availability of stock, the company had to either change the days in system or the planned coverage level. The former increased wastage risk, whilst the latter equated three times higher change in overall stock. The company needed a better designed system that addressed the weaknesses of the existing one. After implementing the new system: Because of the adjustment, it became possible for season and weekly schedules to be set and the uncertainty in demand was greatly reduced which lead to timely supplies and fewer penalties. The shelf –life of products for Strutt was increased by dispatching orders early and on production days. The quantities packaged were according to requirements of stores by specifying location of delivery depot two days prior to despatch. This further helped avoid delays in shipment. The wastage rate of the company was effectively reduced. This lead to an eradication of the requirement to use the annualised hours buffering mechanism. The suppliers were also able to deliver more efficiently according to demand. The overall impact was a 90% increase in the company’s products in stores. 2) Operation Management Laws and Theories and Cause Effect Relationships: The case of RM showed that in the old system, the company mostly followed the traditional operational management laws and theories. The old system was based on a trade-off model in which companies often compromise quality for cost minimisation. Ferdows and De Meyer (1990) theorised that in order to achieve cost efficiency, focus of management should first focus on quality, dependability and then flexibility of production. This cause and effect relationship can be seen within the new system employed by RM. In the new system, the focus of the company was not cost, but on quality, by increasing shelf life of products. Allowing for delivery order two days earlier, the company sanctioned dependability as well as flexibility. This meant that the penalties were effectively removed as well as the wastage. The new system can be said to be based on a just-in-time model (Ohno, 1998). According to the just-in-time concept, materials or parts are delivered when they are needed. This leads a reduc tion in wastage and no inventory. Regarding variability and use of trade off buffering, Hopp Spearman (1995) said that increases in variability decreases the performance of the system and it can only be buffered using capacity, time and inventory. Â  This was a traditional concept and the old system worked according to it. To deal with variability, the company used a capacity buffer (annualised hours for labour). This helped in dealing with variability but resulted in low morale among employees, thus low performance and an increase in costs. Fisher (1997) suggested the modern theory of accepting the uncertainty. According to him, uncertainty and variability are natural in products and adjustments have to be made in the production system to deal with them. Uncertainty can be avoided or reduce by increasing flexibility of supply chain and by cutting lead time. For hedging excess capacity or inventory, buffers can be employed. The new system accepted the uncertainty as they made adjustments for seasonal variations. Fu rthermore, dispatching on production day decreased lead time and such steps reduced the impact of uncertainty. The company, however, reduced the capacity buffer and was able to increase its availability by 90%. This is in accordance with the findings of Schmenner and Swink (1998) who gave a view that buffers should be avoided and when variations are reduced, the companies should avoid buffering for improved flow. This was found to be true in the case of RM. The company did have to use annualised hours or labour productivity buffers. This resulted in reduced costs and the performance of the company improved. 3) General Advice: On the basis of the RM case analysis, it is recommended that the company should accept uncertainty and volatility and make system adjustments accordingly. The buffer mechanisms, may appear effective at first, but the acquisition of an optimal level in trade off seems difficult therefore the company should try to find some other way to tackle this issue and rely less upon the trade-off buffering. For instance, fluctuations in demand can be dealt with by making the system more dependable and flexible. Bibliography Ferdows, K. and De Meyer, A. 1990. Lasting improvements in manufacturing performance: in search of a new theory, Journal of Operations Management, (9)2, pp.168-184. Fisher, M.L. 1997. What is the right supply chain for your product? Harvard Business Review, March-April, pp.105-116. Hopp W.J., and Spearman, M.L. 1995. Factory Physics, Singapore: McGraw Hill. Koh, S.C.L. 2004. MRP-controlled batch-manufacturing environment under uncertainty, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 55, pp.219-232. Molinder, A., 1997. Joint optimization of lot-sizes, safety stocks and safety lead times in an MRP system, International Journal of Production Research, 35(4), pp. 983-994. Ohno, T. 1988. The Toyota Production System; Beyond Large-Scale Production, Portland: Productivity Press. Schmenner, R.W., and Swink, M.L. 1998. On theory in operations management, Journal of Operations Management, 17, pp. 97-113. Wazed, M. A., Ahmed, S. and Yusoff, N. 2009. Uncertainty Factors in Real Manufacturing Environment, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2), pp. 342-351.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Management of Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Management of Change - Essay Example A company's market potential is necessary for its successful and efficient performance, the basic elements of the company's market potential being its resources, strategic planning system, leadership, and marketing. Strategic planning is closely interrelated with change management. E.g., K. Warren states that "[t]oday's performance [of a company] depends on today's strategic resources". (1999, p. 3) According to Kleiner, the process of strategic planning consists of the following stages: "establishing the ground for the company's activity by means of determining its mission; determining company's main goals; analysing the company's environment by indicating all factors influencing company's activity; determining company's market potential, and its strengths and weaknesses; developing several alternatives as far as strategic development is concerned; analysing these strategic alternatives from the standpoint of the company's goals, vision, mission, as well as conditions in the environment and on the market; forecasting the efficiency of each of these strategic alternatives; and, finally, forming the ultimate strategy of the company, i.e. choosing the strategy that looms the most favourable for increasing the company's competitive advantage. (Kleiner, 1998, pp. 46 - 50) In the quickly changing environment, the modern organizations have to change continuously. Very often, managers utilize reactive approach to changes, which often results in decrease in their companies' competitive advantage, and sometimes even in ruin of organizations. Proactive approach to introducing changes is considered to be much more beneficial, however it demands profound knowledge of the basic features of change process, sources of opposition to these changes, and methods of overcoming opposition. The world-known companies have considerable experience as far as managing changes is concerned. One of the most efficient approaches in this sphere is organizational development that presupposes introducing step-by-step deliberate changes into corporate culture with the goal of adapting the company to the outer environment. Organizational development influences, above all, social subsystem of organization, and is therefore inseparably connected with HR management. However, technological progress should not be neglected either, especially in the IT sphere, and every company undergoing changes should develop the methods of restructuring technical subsystem. A problem that managers often face when introducing changes into companies is the problem of natural resistance on the part of personnel, as well as the company as a system. It is important to combine organizational development with reengineering of business processes for achieving a better result and decreasing the level of resistance. The essence of proactive approach to change management is that all changes are introduced with considering all possible obstacles that